Penguin Dictionary of Philosophy 1997, s.v. “school”). It is when one steps back from the internal debates between naturalists that one sees the likeness or homogeneity in what they stand against: dualism and theism. Assessing naturalist views of the dualist understanding of the soul is germane not just because it is the common pet aversion or bête noire of virtually all naturalists, but also because many naturalists wish to preserve some notion of the soul or subject, notwithstanding their privileging